Which philosophical perspective heavily influenced the development of 'critical criminology' by focusing on power imbalances, class struggle, and social inequality as root causes of crime?
Which of the following is typically considered one of the four main goals of punishment in the criminal justice system?
The illegal act of accessing a computer system or network without authorization is most accurately termed what?
Travis Hirschi's Social Bond Theory identifies four elements that connect individuals to society and prevent deviance. Which of these is NOT one of the four elements?
This crime prevention strategy focuses on making it more difficult for offenders to commit crimes by altering the environment, such as improving lighting or installing surveillance cameras.
What is the primary role of a forensic psychologist in the criminal justice system?
Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association Theory posits that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others, particularly within what context?
An approach to justice that focuses on repairing harm caused by crime through a cooperative process involving victims, offenders, and communities is known as what?
The 'broken windows theory,' which links urban disorder to increased crime, was influential in promoting which policing strategy?
Which branch of criminology examines how gender inequality, patriarchy, and the social construction of masculinity and femininity influence crime and justice?