What economic reform policy, initiated in 1986, transformed Vietnam's centrally planned economy into a socialist-oriented market economy?
The legendary Hùng Kings are said to have established the first Vietnamese state, known as Văn Lang, in what river delta region?
What central Vietnamese city served as the imperial capital for the Nguyễn Dynasty from 1802 to 1945?
Which early 20th-century Vietnamese nationalist was a prominent figure in the Đông Du (Go East) Movement, advocating for modernization and independence through Japanese assistance?
Established in 1070 during the Lý Dynasty, what was Vietnam's first national university, dedicated to Confucius and his disciples?
What major military campaign launched by North Vietnamese and Việt Cộng forces in January 1968, during the Vietnam War, surprised US and South Vietnamese forces, despite being a military defeat for the North?
In 1979, Vietnam fought a brief but significant border war against which neighboring communist country?
What treaty, signed in 1884, formally established Vietnam as a French protectorate, ending its nominal independence under the Nguyễn Dynasty?
What traditional Vietnamese garment, often consisting of a long, split tunic worn over trousers, is a symbol of Vietnamese culture and beauty?
What event in August 1945 saw the Việt Minh seize power across Vietnam following Japan's surrender in WWII, leading to the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?