Who reigned as Queen of the United Kingdom for over 63 years, a period often named after her, from 1837 to 1901?
Otto von Bismarck was a key figure in the unification of which European nation in 1871?
The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was an attempted coup d'état in Russia against which new Tsar, following the death of Alexander I?
What famous trail, originating in Missouri, served as a primary route for pioneers traveling to the Pacific Northwest in the mid-19th century?
The Crimean War, fought from 1853 to 1856, primarily involved which two major powers on one side against Russia on the other?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published 'The Communist Manifesto' in what year, outlining their theory of class struggle and revolution?
Which groundbreaking Impressionist painting by Édouard Manet, exhibited in 1863, scandalized the Parisian art world with its depiction of a nude woman casually picnicking with two fully clothed men?
The Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, significantly shortening sea voyages between Europe and Asia, officially opened in which year?
What American inventor is credited with inventing the cotton gin in 1793, which dramatically increased cotton production and, unfortunately, the demand for slave labor in the Southern United States?
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a central figure in the Risorgimento, the movement for the unification of which European country?