Question 1

This American astronomer provided crucial evidence for the expanding universe and for the existence of galaxies beyond our own Milky Way.

Accepted Answer

Edwin Hubble

Question 2

Which British chemist's X-ray diffraction images were crucial in determining the structure of DNA, though her contributions were initially largely unrecognized?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 3

This Austrian-Swedish physicist played a pivotal role in the discovery of nuclear fission, though she was controversially overlooked for the Nobel Prize.

Accepted Answer

Lise Meitner

Question 4

Who formulated a set of equations that describe the fundamental nature of electricity and magnetism, demonstrating that light is an electromagnetic wave?

Accepted Answer

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 5

This American medical researcher developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine, which was introduced in 1955.

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Question 6

This American marine biologist and conservationist wrote 'Silent Spring,' a landmark book that helped launch the modern environmental movement by documenting the harmful effects of pesticides.

Accepted Answer

Rachel Carson

Question 7

Which British chemist was a pioneer in X-ray crystallography and determined the molecular structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin?

Accepted Answer

Dorothy Hodgkin

Question 8

This American theoretical physicist is best known for his work in quantum electrodynamics (QED) and for developing the Feynman diagrams, a pictorial representation of subatomic particle interactions.

Accepted Answer

Richard Feynman

Question 9

Who is considered the originator of quantum theory, introducing the idea that energy can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete packets, or 'quanta'?

Accepted Answer

Max Planck

Question 10

This ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer worked in Alexandria, Egypt, and is considered the first recorded female mathematician.

Accepted Answer

Hypatia of Alexandria

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