What are microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments (e.g., very hot, very cold, very acidic) called?
What is the protective protein shell that encloses the genetic material of a virus?
The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants from a contaminated site is known as what?
What are beneficial live microorganisms, often bacteria or yeasts, that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host?
Louis Pasteur is renowned for developing the first vaccine for which deadly disease?
What highly resistant, dormant structures are produced by some bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions?
Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria communicate and coordinate gene expression based on what factor?
Which infectious agents are composed solely of protein, lacking any genetic material, and are responsible for diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
What is the primary role of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria?
What distinguishes obligate anaerobes from facultative anaerobes in terms of oxygen requirement?